Child Support Research Articles

Is matching or discrepancy between filial piety expectation and filial support better? The role of filial support of children and social support.

Filial piety in traditional Chinese culture is an essential variable in explaining intergenerational interaction. However, previous studies have not clarified whether older adults' filial responsibility expectations matched children's filial support and the effects of the filial discrepancy on their life satisfaction and loneliness. The latent profile analysis showed that older adults were divided into two groups: (1) high expectations and support, and (2) low expectations and support. The results showed that compared with older adults with low expectations and low support, those with high expectations and high support reported higher life satisfaction and lower loneliness. Additionally, social support played a moderating role in the effect of the groups of older adults on life satisfaction and loneliness. Our conclusion shows that filial support is an essential factor influencing older adult life satisfaction and loneliness, and social support is an effective supplement to filial support.

Perfectionism, Attachment Styles and Perceived Social Support in a Single Child

The purpose of the present study is to understand the relationship between perfectionism, attachment styles and perceived social support in a single child. The sample included 100 individuals, between the age of 18-30, Indian citizens, who fulfill the criteria of being an only or a single child. The sample was selected using Non-Probability sampling techniques like convenient, purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics (mean) and Pearson’s correlation analysis. The findings from this study suggest that there is an association between perfectionism, attachment styles and perceived social support. This association or correlation is such that perfectionism is negatively correlated with secure attachment style and positively correlated with all the three insecure attachment styles in an individual. Perceived social support is positively correlated with secure and dismissive attachment style whereas negatively correlated with fearful and preoccupied attachment style. Perfectionism and perceived social support are negatively correlated. Furthermore, the single child sample of the present study is found to have high perceived social support, a dominant fearful attachment style (although secure and preoccupied also have very close and similar values) and to not have high perfectionistic tendencies.

Dismissive attitudes and affirmative journeys: Parental perspectives on the mental health support of gender diverse children

Transgender/gender diverse (TGD) children experience poorer mental health and social outcomes than those who do not identify as TGD (Smith et al., 2014; Geist et al., 2019), including increased risk for depression and suicidal ideation (Haas et al., 2011; VanBergen & Love, 2022). Research has linked these poor outcomes to the micro-aggressions and dismissive attitudes of their families, communities and wider society (Brooks, 2000; Ryan et al., 2010). This service evaluation used Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) with a small number of purposively sampled parents (n = 5) to explore experiences of their children’s involvement with CAMHS (Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services). The aim was to add to the understanding we have of the needs of TGD client groups and to inform service provision. This study supports the wider research base linking affirmative attitudes to more positive mental health outcomes, and adds additional nuance to our understandings of parental attitudes. Parents are not typically polarised in ‘affirmative’ or ‘dismissive’ positions, but rather engaged in journeys of personal growth and development, generally becoming more affirmative over time. These parents also described significant additional support needs with social deprivation, family breakdown and the impact of developmental difference highlighted. Recommendations for intervention are made.

Prevalence of survivors of childhood cancer based on a population-based cancer registry in Osaka, Japan.

Although the survival rate of patients with childhood cancer has greatly improved, long-term survivors face specific problems such as the late effects of cancer treatment. In this study, we estimated the number of people who had experienced childhood cancer to predict their needs for medical care and social resources. Using data from the population-based Osaka Cancer Registry, we identified children aged 0-14 years who were diagnosed with cancer between 1975 and 2019. We estimated the prevalence on December 31, 2019, and the 5- and 10-year prevalence (i.e., the number of survivors living up to 5 or 10 years after the diagnosis of cancer) over time. The prevalence proportion was age-standardized using a direct standardization method. The prevalence estimates for Osaka were applied to the national population to determine the national prevalence in Japan. Among 8186 patients diagnosed with childhood cancer in Osaka, 5252 (987 per million) survived until December 31, 2019. The 5-year prevalence per million increased from 194 in 1979 to 417 in 2019 (+116%), while the 10-year prevalence increased from 391 in 1984 to 715 in 2019 (+83%). Based on the long-term registry data, an estimated 73,182 childhood cancer survivors were living in Japan by the end of 2019. The increasing 5-year and 10-year prevalence proportions indicate the continued need for cancer survivorship support for children, adolescents, and young adults. These estimates of the prevalence of childhood cancer survivors, including long-term survivors, may be useful for policymakers and clinicians to plan and evaluate survivorship care.

Relationship Between Directly Observed Sensory Reactivity Differences and Classroom Behaviors of Autistic Children.

Differences in sensory reactivity are a core feature of autism; however, more remains to be learned about their role in classroom learning. To use direct observational measures to investigate whether there is a link between sensory reactivity differences and classroom behaviors of autistic children. Correlational study. Two special educational needs schools. Children with a clinical diagnosis of autism, ages 5 to 18 yr (N = 53). Sensory reactivity differences were assessed with the Sensory Assessment for Neurodevelopmental Differences. Classroom behaviors were measured using the Behavior Assessment for Children-Second Edition Student Observation System. Total sensory reactivity differences were correlated positively with behaviors that impede learning (r = .31, p < .05) and negatively with behaviors that facilitate learning (r = -.38, p < .05). Hyporeactivity differences were correlated positively with behaviors that impede learning (r = .28, p < .05) and negatively with behaviors that facilitate learning (r = -.31, p < .05). Hyperreactivity and sensory-seeking differences were not significantly correlated with behavior. Results suggest a link between sensory reactivity differences and classroom behaviors, highlighting a need for further research using observational measures in special education settings. Plain-Language Summary: Differences in hyporeactivity for children with autism may play a bigger role in classroom behavior and learning than previous literature has suggested. This has implications in occupational therapy practice for how to tailor support for children with hyporeactivity differences.

Teaching quality in kindergarten: professional development and quality of adaptive learning support enhances mathematical competency

AbstractAdaptive learning support provided by kindergarten teachers before and after (macro-adaptive learning support) as well as during mathematical learning activities (micro-adaptive learning support) is a cross-cutting concept of teaching quality. Effective adaptive learning support enhances children’s learning. However, providing it is challenging and teachers need professional development (PD) to improve the quality of their support. This study investigates the mediating role of teaching quality between PD programs for kindergarten teachers and the development of children’s mathematical competency. 122 kindergarten teachers and their 825 pupils participated in the study. The teachers were randomly assigned to three groups. Two groups attended PD sessions designed to foster either macro- or micro-adaptive learning support. The third was the materials-only control group. The data was analyzed using a self-developed rating instrument focusing on generic and domain-specific elements of teaching quality related to macro- and micro-adaptive learning support. The multilevel latent change model analysis revealed that the PD programs had positive and significant effects on the teaching quality of kindergarten teachers. A significant positive relationship was also found between micro-adaptive learning support and changes in children’s mathematical competency. However, an indirect effect of teaching quality could not be detected, and the PD programs did not have a total effect on children’s mathematical competency. The study reinforces the importance of PD that specifically targets macro- and micro-adaptive learning support for kindergarten teachers. The mediation between PD and mathematical competency development requires further investigation.

Association between the COVID-19 pandemic and childhood development aged 30 to 36 months in South Korea, based on the National health screening program for infants and children database

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on the neurodevelopment of children. However, the precise effects of the virus and the social consequences of the pandemic on pediatric neurodevelopment are not yet fully understood. We aimed to compare the neurodevelopment of children between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as examine the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) and regional differences on the development.MethodsThe study used the Korean Developmental Screening Test to compare the difference in the risk of neurodevelopmental delay between before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the relationship between experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic and the risk of neurodevelopmental delay. Stratified analyses were performed to determine whether the developmental delays caused by the pandemic’s impact varied depending on SES or regional inequality.ResultsThis study found an association between the experience of COVID-19 and a higher risk of neurodevelopmental delay in communication (adjusted OR [aOR]: 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19, 1.22; P-value: < 0.0001) and social interaction (aOR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.17; P-value: < 0.0001) domains among children of 30–36 months’ ages. Notably, the observed association in the Medicaid group of children indicates a higher risk of neurodevelopmental delay compared to those in the non-Medicaid group.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the need to be concerned about the neurodevelopment of children who experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also calls for increased training and support for Medicaid children, parents, teachers, and healthcare practitioners. Additionally, policy programs focused on groups vulnerable to developmental delays are required.

The Reconstruction of Religious Court Decision Execution on the Fulfilment of Children’s Rights Post-Divorce in Indonesia

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the reconstruction of Religious Court decision execution on the fulfilment of children’s rights post-divorce in Indonesia.   Theoretical Framework: This research is based on the postulate that court decisions ideally aimed to guarantee justice and legal certainty for the parties, but in reality, not all judge’s decisions can be implemented as well. This can be seen in the implementation of religious court decisions in Indonesia regarding children's maintenance rights post-divorce.   Design/Methodology/Approach: This research uses a juridical-normative method. The sources and techniques of data collection were obtained from documentation studies, literature, and interviews with informants. The data analysis technique uses a deductive approach to formulate a conclusion.   Findings: The results of this research show that on the one hand, the regulation of the father's obligations towards child support post-divorce in the judge's decision at the Religious Courts refers more to the positive laws that implemented in Indonesia. On the other hand, positive law in Indonesia has not yet effective in regulating the execution of judges' decisions regarding the children's rights post-divorce because it is only voluntary and lacks coercive power.   Research, Practical &amp; Social Implications: As the implication of the research, family law in Indonesia needs to be reconstructed through conducting special regulations regarding the execution mechanism regarding the fulfillment of children's rights post-divorce to be more regulatory, binding, and coercive.   Originality/Value: The value of the research originality became an explanatory method for the conceptual development of the reconstruction of Religious Court decision execution on the fulfilment of children’s rights post-divorce in Indonesia.

Parenting practices and interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: an exploratory cross-sectional study of caregivers in Brazil, Mexico, and the United States.

The COVID-19 pandemic led countries' governments to rapidly establish lockdowns and social distancing, which altered family routines and the quality of family relationships worldwide. This exploratory cross-sectional study aimed to identify the impacts of the social distancing and lockdown in parenting practices of caregivers from Brazil, Mexico, and the USA, and to analyze the continuity of parenting intervention support for children and their families at the beginning of the pandemic in these countries. The sample consisted of 704 caregivers of children (286 from Brazil, 225 from Mexico, and 193 from the USA) who answered an online survey about parenting practices before/after quarantine, caregiver/child routines, feelings related to quarantine, changes in everyday life since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, contact with health professionals, and sources of parenting information. Data indicate that caregivers from the three countries experienced similar parenting practices during this time, and did not report significant changes before and after the lockdown. They sought information about parenting predominantly via social media. Those receiving previous mental health care perceived the transition from in-person to telehealth services during the pandemic as feasible and acceptable. This study will be helpful for clinicians and parents to contextualize their practices amid long-standing effects that the COVID-19 pandemic can have on children and their families during and post-pandemic from multiple cultural backgrounds.

Digital socialization: children and young people in the modern information space

This article discusses the issues of digital socialization in detail. In  addition, the analysis of ways and effective ways of support and protection of  children and adolescents in modern information space was carried out, the  behavior formed in the course of digital socialization was determined, and an  algorithm for determining the types of internet users was proposed. The results  of the sociological study allow us to formulate working hypotheses about the  various effects of digital socialization on modern students. The results of the  study can be used in the formation of strategic plans for the development of  the digital sphere and educational policies. The scientific novelty of the study  consists in the development of a new methodological solution for use in the  process of generalizing the socializing influence of the internet environment.  The practice was proved by the types of questionnaires, tests, etc.at the Kyzylorda  higher pedagogical college named after M. Mametova.

So then you had to get back all that friendship: children’s lived experiences of the COVID-19 lockdowns and on returning to school

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has had an immense impact on the global population. Lockdown restrictions and school closures resulted in disruption to children’s learning and prolonged periods of social isolation from peers, throughout a crucial time in their development. By examining children’s lived experiences of lockdown and their transition back to school, this study aimed to understand how children have dealt with the challenges presented by the pandemic. In doing so, this may provide guidance for families and educators in their support of children in the future. In the aftermath of lockdown, face-to-face interviews with six children, aged 10–11 years, were conducted across three schools in the United Kingdom between October-November 2022. Semi-structured interviews provided a detailed account of participants’ experiences and were analysed thematically. Thematic analysis of the data identified five themes: (1) COVID comprehension, (2) friendships through lockdown, (3) remote learning challenges, (4) family friction, (5) benefits of lockdown. This study provides an insight into the unique experiences of children throughout an unprecedented time, and their transition back to school. In listening to the voices of children, we understand the importance of external social connections and the school as a means of nurturing friendships and in providing teacher support and feedback. These findings offer important guidance for educators in the event of future restrictions, or where pupils are unable to attend school for a prolonged period, to ensure interventions are in place to facilitate friendships and maintain connections with children.

The Use of Non-Prescribed Medicines in Infants from Birth to Six Months in Rural Areas of Polokwane Municipality—Limpopo Province, South Africa

The WHO and UNICEF recommend that only breastmilk, vitamin drops, oral rehydration solution, and prescribed medicine can go through the infant’s mouth. Non-prescribed medications (NPM) include over-the-counter medications and traditional medicine and are contraindicated during infancy. Furthermore, the updated exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) indicator details that herbal fluids and similar traditional medicines are counted as fluids, and infants who consume these are not exclusively breastfed. However, the use of these items is common among caregivers for various reasons, including religious reasons, cultural beliefs, prevention of diseases, and the treatment of diseases. The practice of administering NPM before six months of age undermines exclusive breastfeeding and can result in undesirable health outcomes. Methods: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of NPM, describe the types of medications used, and explain why caregivers use NMP in infants younger than six months of age. A quantitative approach and a facility-based cross-sectional survey were used to conduct this study. Convenience sampling was used to select clinics, and proportionality and simple random sampling were used to select 146 participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS (29). A p-value of p &lt; 0.05 was considered significant. Results: In this study, the prevalence of NPM was 75.3%. Of the 146 participants, most were 25–35 years old (54%) and first-time mothers (36.3%). More caregivers had high school and matric (67.1%), and 84.2% of caregivers delivered in public health facilities. Almost three-quarters are unemployed (66.7%) and on a child support grant (56.4%). About 43.6% of infants received NPM within the first month of life. The main source of advice to give NPM was family members (86.4%). The main reasons for administering NPM were the treatment of the umbilical cord (57.3%) and the prevention of colic (32.7%). The results show a statistically significant association between the administration of medication and the age of the infant, p &lt; 0.005. Conclusions: Non-prescribed medications are highly prevalent in the rural areas of Polokwane and are practiced by caregivers between the ages of 25–35 years advised by the families. Access to self-medication should be controlled, especially in the first month of life. Interventions to reduce the use of NPM should be targeted at young mothers and their families.

Уязвимое детство в контексте детского благополучия

&lt;p style="text-align: justify;"&gt;This study aims to clarify the concept of &amp;ldquo;vulnerable childhood&amp;rdquo; within the context of child well-being. In modern society, children are exposed to various risks that can negatively impact their physical, emotional, and social development. The article explores diverse aspects of children&amp;rsquo;s vulnerability, such as socio-economic inequalities, violations of children&amp;rsquo;s rights, adverse family conditions, and the impact of traumatic events. The authors employ an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses the analysis of sociological, psychological, economic, and legal aspects. The article provides an overview of existing research that emphasizes the importance of understanding the factors contributing towards children&amp;rsquo;s vulnerability, as well as the consequences it may have on their future well-being. Focusing on governmental and other programs aimed at enhancing child well-being, the authors offer recommendations to ensure the protection of vulnerable children. These include the implementation of inclusive educational programs, strengthening the family social support system, refining legislation concerning children&amp;rsquo;s rights, and creating effective mechanisms for responding to crisis situations. The article offers an analysis of the influence of the concept of a &amp;ldquo;vulnerable childhood&amp;rdquo; on children&amp;rsquo;s well-being, and presents specific steps for ensuring the protection and support of children at risk.&lt;/p&gt;

Fidelity of family centered care model to early disability diagnosis and rehabilitation in the United Arab Emirates.

The role of parents in supporting early intervention for young children with disabilities is critical. Indeed, models of family centered care (FCC), which emphasis strong partnerships between health professionals and families in disability health services delivery are now widely associated with best practice. While FCC is consistently argued to be an appropriate model for disability service delivery, its utilization is limited primarily to Western countries such as Australia and the United States. Countries such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have prioritized early childhood development and are thus in search of best practices for delivery of early intervention for children and their families. The aim of this study was to explore the appropriateness of the FCC model in disability service delivery in the UAE. This study was conducted from the perspectives of health professionals who are involved in disability diagnosis, referral and ongoing support for families and children with disabilities. A total of 150 health professionals were recruited from health facilities, rehabilitation centers and schools in the Emirates of Abu Dhabi. The 27-item Measure of Process of Care for Service Providers (MPOC-SP) was used for data collection. The data were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis to confirm applicability of the model to this context. Multivariate analysis of variance and moderation analysis were also conducted, to ascertain the relationship between participants' satisfaction levels with their ability to diagnose, refer and provide on-going support and their likelihood of practicing key components of FCC. Computation of confirmatory factor analysis provided support for applicability of the MPOC-SP in the UAE context. Further inspection showed moderate to large correlations between the four components of FCC measured by MPOC-SP, providing further support for utilization of FCC in disability health service delivery in the UAE. The study concludes with a call to policymakers in the UAE to consider developing disability health policy based on key components of FCC. This could be supplemented by development of training modules on FCC to upskill health professionals involved in disability diagnosis and rehabilitation.

An innovative and collaborative method to develop a model care and service trajectory for the assessment, diagnosis, and support of children with developmental disabilities

This paper documents an innovative research approach undertaken to co-develop an integrated assessment, diagnosis, and support service trajectory for children suspected of having a developmental disability. It employed data-driven practices and involved multiple stakeholders such as parents, professionals, managers, and researchers. It emphasized the importance of incorporating experiential knowledge adopting an integrated care and service trajectory perspective, and using an implementation science framework. The first part of this article presents the theoretical roots and the collaborative method used to co-construct the model trajectory. The second part of this article presents the results of a survey in which participating stakeholders shared their point of view on the value and impact of this approach Overall, this article provides a step-by-step operationalization of participative research in the context of public health and social services. This may help guide future initiatives to improve services for developmental disabilities in partnership with those directly concerned by these services.

Research on the Teachers' Dilemma in Inclusive Education under the Background of Learning in Regular Classrooms

Inclusive education has been a crucial education revolution since 1994 the Salamanca Statement, proclaiming that children with diversified abilities should have access to regular schools with appropriate scaffolds and support. Chinese inclusive education is presented as Learning in Regular Classrooms where children with special needs are placed in a regular classroom of a regular school. This article explored and identified challenges LRC faces through teachers roles, standards, and relationships with the childrens families that lead to unsuccessful LRC. The lack of special education knowledge in teachers, mono-teaching-evaluation standards on academics, and disagreements between teachers and families on support for children are some causes of unsuccessful LRC. This article proposed multiple solutions according to the challenges which include cooperating with special education schools to provide systemized special education training and support for teachers, schools providing clear, written, and diversified teaching standards, increase in communication between teachers and childrens families, and schools providing extra support for children.

Risk-Benefit of Connected Health-Led Digital Transformation: A Case Study in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service Clinical Decision-Making Support

ABSTRACT Digital transformation within healthcare services presents unique risks and benefits when compared to other organisations. This case study aims to identify key risks and benefits of connected health-led digital transformation within Irish community Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS), utilising qualitative analysis, consisting of interviews with CAMHS clinical personnel, to identify the key risks and benefits in this sensitive area. Our risk/benefit matrix is presented in this paper. Key areas of concern include electronic health records (EHR), telemedicine, and mHealth adoption within CAMHS. Twenty-one benefit factors were supported by 98 mentions (average = 4.7 mentions per factor). Twenty-nine risk factors were supported by 76 mentions (average = 2.62). While the information presented may align with existing literature on digital transformation in healthcare, the risks /benefits analysis is critical to the area of study as they arise directly from interviews with experts in CAMHS and are therefore validated by practitioners.

High-flow nasal oxygen in infants and children for early respiratory management of pneumonia-induced acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: the CENTURI randomized clinical trial

ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of early high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) and low-flow oxygen support (LFOS) in children under 5 years with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) due to severe community-acquired pneumonia in low-middle-income countries.MethodsAn open-label randomized clinical trial enrolled children aged 2–59 months with AHRF due to severe community-acquired pneumonia and randomized into HFNC and LFOS. In the LFOS group, the patient received cold wall oxygen humidified by bubbling through sterile water administered through simple nasal prongs at a fixed flow rate of 2 L/min. In the HFNC group, the patient received humidified, heated (37 °C), high-flow oxygen at a flow rate assigned based on weight range, with a titratable oxygen fraction. The primary outcome was treatment failure in 72 h (escalating the respiratory support method using any modality other than primary intervention).ResultsData was analyzed intention-to-treat (HFNC = 124; LFOS = 120). Median (IQR) age was 12 (6–20) and 11 (6–27) months, respectively. Treatment failure occurred in a significantly lower proportion in the HFNC group (7.3%, n = 9/124) as compared to the LFOS group (20%, n = 24/120) (relative risk = 0.36, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.75; p = 0.004; adjusted hazard ratio 0.34, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.73; p = 0.006). The intubation rate was significantly lower in the HFNC group (7.3%, n = 9/124 vs. 16.7%, n = 20/120; relative risk = 0.44, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.92, p = 0.023). There were no significant differences noted in other secondary outcomes. No mortality occurred.ConclusionHigh-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy used as early respiratory support in children under 5 years with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure due to severe community-acquired pneumonia was associated with significantly lower treatment failure compared with standard low-flow oxygen support.Trial registration CTRI/2016/04/006788. Registered 01 April 2016, https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/advsearch.php.

Public health relevance of medicines developed under paediatric legislation in Europe and the USA: a systematic mapping study

BackgroundLegislation in the European Union (EU) and the USA promoting the development of paediatric medicines has contributed to new treatments for children. This study explores how such legislation responds to...

Seeking Validation and Creating Meaningful Interactions

Infancy, a formative period for development, has been identified as an advantageous time to provide family-centered support for children with delays. Families should be included as stakeholders during development of such interventions to ensure social value. We describe a preliminary randomized controlled trial evaluating Infant Achievements (IA), an 8-week (16-session) parent-mediated intervention for parents of infants 8–12 months old with social and communication delays. This study reports our qualitative examination of the intervention's social validity. We conducted focus groups with seven IA parent participants and analyzed their responses using conventional content analysis. Five themes emerged: (a) difficulty identifying resources to address concerns; (b) seeking validation of concerns; (c) seeking support to enhance children's development; (d) experiencing a supportive coaching relationship; and (e) creating meaningful interactions to support children's communication and social skills. Our results emphasize the necessity of partnering with families in the development of evidence-based, family-centered interventions for infants with developmental delays to maximize their social value.